{"product_id":"elektronika-automobila-kompletni-strucni-vodic-srb-eng","title":"Anatomija Motora Automobila | Car Engine Anatomy – E-Book","description":"\u003ch2\u003e🇷🇸 SRPSKI\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAnatomija Motora Automobila – Kompletan Vodič\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ch4\u003e🚗 Vrste motora automobila i razlike među njima\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003ch5\u003e1️⃣ Benzinski motor (Otto motor)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eNajrašireniji tip motora. Koristi elektronu iskru (svećicu) za paljenje mešavine benzina i vazduha. Radi po Otto ciklusu sa 4 takta.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Tiši rad, manje vibracije\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Bolje performanse na visokim obrtajima\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Veća potrošnja goriva od dizela\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Manji obrtni moment na niskim obrtajima\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGorivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e Benzin (BMB 95, BMB 98, Super plus)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKompresija:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8–12:1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTipovi:\u003c\/strong\u003e Redni (I3, I4, I6), V (V6, V8, V12), Bokser (H4, H6)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e2️⃣ Dizel motor (Diesel motor)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eKoristi visoku kompresiju (bez svećice) za paljenje goriva. Gorivo se samo zapali kada se dovoljno komprimuje. Radi po Diesel ciklusu.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Manja potrošnja goriva (20–30% štedljiviji od benzinca)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Veliki obrtni moment na niskim obrtajima – idealan za vlačenje i teretna vozila\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Duži vek motora\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Bučniji i više vibracija\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Skuplje održavanje (injektori, DPF filter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGorivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dizel D2, AdBlue (za Euro 6 motore)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKompresija:\u003c\/strong\u003e 14–25:1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSistem ubrizgavanja:\u003c\/strong\u003e Common Rail (pritisak do 2.000 bara)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e3️⃣ Hibridni motor (Hybrid)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eKombinuje klasični motor sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem i električni motor. Baterija se puni rekuperacijom energije pri kočenju.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Manja potrošnja u gradu (električni motor preuzima pri malim brzinama)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Manje emisije CO₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Skuplja kupovina\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Teža baterija povećava masu vozila\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVrste:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blagi hibrid (MHEV), Puni hibrid (HEV), Plug-in hibrid (PHEV)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGorivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e Benzin ili dizel + električna energija\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e4️⃣ Električni motor (BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eNema motora sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem. Pokreće se isključivo električnom energijom iz baterije.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Nulta direktna emisija\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Trenutni obrtni moment – izuzetna ubrzanja\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Niži troškovi održavanja (nema ulja, filtera, remena)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Ograničen domet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Dugo punjenje baterije\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGorivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e Električna energija (kWh)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimeri:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tesla Model 3, VW ID.4, BMW iX\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e5️⃣ Bokser motor (Horizontalno suprotni – Flat\/Boxer)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eCilindri su postavljeni horizontalno, nasuprotno jedan drugom. Karakterističan za Subaru i Porsche.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Niže težište vozila = bolja stabilnost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Prirodno uravnotežen – manje vibracija\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Komplikovaniji pristup za servis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Širi motor zauzima više prostora\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimeri:\u003c\/strong\u003e Subaru Impreza, Porsche 911\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e6️⃣ Rotacioni motor (Wankel motor)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eUmesto klipova koristi trouglasti rotor koji se vrti unutar kućišta. Izuzetno kompaktan i gladak rad.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Visoki broj obrtaja, kompaktan, lagan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Nema klipova – manje pokretnih delova\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Velika potrošnja goriva i ulja\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Problemi sa brtvljenjem rotora\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrimeri:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mazda RX-7, RX-8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e7️⃣ Motor na prirodni gas (CNG\/LPG)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eRadi na komprimovani prirodni gas (CNG) ili tečni naftni gas (LPG). Često kao bifuel sistem uz benzin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Jeftiniji kilometar vožnje\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Manje emisije CO₂ od benzinca\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Manji domet, teže boce zauzimaju prostor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGorivo:\u003c\/strong\u003e CNG (metan) ili LPG (propan-butan)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e⛽ Vrste goriva i njihove karakteristike\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBenzin BMB 95\u003c\/strong\u003e – Standardni benzin, oktanski broj 95. Pogodan za većinu benzinskih motora.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBenzin BMB 98 \/ Super Plus\u003c\/strong\u003e – Viši oktanski broj, bolje za sportske i turbomotore. Manja sklonost detonaciji.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDizel D2\u003c\/strong\u003e – Standardno dizel gorivo. Cetanski broj min. 51. Sagoreva pri kompresiji bez iskre.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdBlue\u003c\/strong\u003e – Nije gorivo, već aditiv koji se ubrizgava u izduvni sistem Euro 6 dizel motora radi smanjenja NOx emisija.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLPG (Auto-gas)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Tečni naftni gas, propan-butan mešavina. Jeftiniji od benzina, ali manji energetski sadržaj.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCNG (Prirodni gas)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Komprimovani metan. Najniže emisije CO₂ od svih fosilnih goriva.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eE10 \/ E85 (Etanol)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Mešavina benzina i etanola. E10 = 10% etanola, E85 = 85% etanola. Obnovljivo gorivo.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVodonik (H₂)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Gorivo budućnosti. Sagoreva u motoru ili se koristi u gorivinskim ćelijama za proizvodnju struje. Nulta emisija – jedini produkt je voda.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElektrična energija (kWh)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Za električne i plug-in hibridne motore. Puni se iz kućne mreže ili brzih punača (DC fast charging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e📊 Poređenje vrsta motora\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajveća snaga:\u003c\/strong\u003e V8\/V12 benzinac, električni motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajveći obrtni moment:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dizel, električni motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajmanji troškovi goriva:\u003c\/strong\u003e Električni, CNG, hibrid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajmanji troškovi održavanja:\u003c\/strong\u003e Električni motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajduži domet:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dizel motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNajmanji ugljenični otisak:\u003c\/strong\u003e Električni (na obnovljivoj energiji), vodonik\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e📥 \u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e PDF e-book sa ilustracijama i dijagramima | Odmah dostupan nakon kupovine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e🇬🇧 ENGLISH\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003ch3\u003eCar Engine Anatomy – Complete Guide\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ch4\u003e🚗 Types of Car Engines and Differences Between Them\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003ch5\u003e1️⃣ Petrol Engine (Otto Engine)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most common engine type. Uses an electric spark (spark plug) to ignite the petrol-air mixture. Operates on the Otto cycle with 4 strokes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Quieter operation, less vibration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Better performance at high RPM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Higher fuel consumption than diesel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Less torque at low RPM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel:\u003c\/strong\u003e Petrol (95 RON, 98 RON, Super Plus)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompression ratio:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8–12:1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTypes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Inline (I3, I4, I6), V (V6, V8, V12), Boxer (H4, H6)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e2️⃣ Diesel Engine\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eUses high compression (no spark plug) to ignite fuel. The fuel self-ignites when sufficiently compressed. Operates on the Diesel cycle.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower fuel consumption (20–30% more economical than petrol)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ High torque at low RPM – ideal for towing and commercial vehicles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Longer engine lifespan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Noisier with more vibration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ More expensive maintenance (injectors, DPF filter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel:\u003c\/strong\u003e Diesel D2, AdBlue (for Euro 6 engines)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompression ratio:\u003c\/strong\u003e 14–25:1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInjection system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Common Rail (pressure up to 2,000 bar)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e3️⃣ Hybrid Engine\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eCombines a conventional internal combustion engine with an electric motor. The battery is charged through regenerative braking.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower fuel consumption in city driving (electric motor takes over at low speeds)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower CO₂ emissions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Higher purchase price\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Heavy battery increases vehicle weight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTypes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mild Hybrid (MHEV), Full Hybrid (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel:\u003c\/strong\u003e Petrol or diesel + electrical energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e4️⃣ Electric Motor (BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo internal combustion engine. Powered exclusively by electrical energy from a battery.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Zero direct emissions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Instant torque – exceptional acceleration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower maintenance costs (no oil, filters, belts)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Limited range\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Long battery charging time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel:\u003c\/strong\u003e Electrical energy (kWh)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExamples:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tesla Model 3, VW ID.4, BMW iX\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e5️⃣ Boxer Engine (Horizontally Opposed – Flat Engine)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eCylinders are positioned horizontally, opposing each other. Characteristic of Subaru and Porsche.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower centre of gravity = better stability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Naturally balanced – less vibration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ More complex to service\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Wider engine takes up more space\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExamples:\u003c\/strong\u003e Subaru Impreza, Porsche 911\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e6️⃣ Rotary Engine (Wankel Engine)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstead of pistons, uses a triangular rotor spinning inside a housing. Extremely compact and smooth operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ High RPM capability, compact, lightweight\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ No pistons – fewer moving parts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ High fuel and oil consumption\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Rotor sealing problems\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExamples:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mazda RX-7, RX-8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch5\u003e7️⃣ Natural Gas Engine (CNG\/LPG)\u003c\/h5\u003e\u003cp\u003eRuns on compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Often as a bi-fuel system alongside petrol.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Cheaper cost per kilometre\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e✅ Lower CO₂ emissions than petrol\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e❌ Shorter range, heavy tanks take up space\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel:\u003c\/strong\u003e CNG (methane) or LPG (propane-butane)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e⛽ Fuel Types and Their Characteristics\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePetrol 95 RON\u003c\/strong\u003e – Standard petrol, octane number 95. Suitable for most petrol engines.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePetrol 98 RON \/ Super Plus\u003c\/strong\u003e – Higher octane number, better for sports and turbocharged engines. Less prone to knocking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDiesel D2\u003c\/strong\u003e – Standard diesel fuel. Cetane number min. 51. Ignites under compression without a spark.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdBlue\u003c\/strong\u003e – Not a fuel, but an additive injected into the exhaust system of Euro 6 diesel engines to reduce NOx emissions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLPG (Autogas)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Liquefied petroleum gas, propane-butane mixture. Cheaper than petrol but lower energy content.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCNG (Natural Gas)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Compressed methane. Lowest CO₂ emissions of all fossil fuels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eE10 \/ E85 (Ethanol)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Petrol-ethanol blend. E10 = 10% ethanol, E85 = 85% ethanol. Renewable fuel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHydrogen (H₂)\u003c\/strong\u003e – Fuel of the future. Burns in an engine or used in fuel cells to generate electricity. Zero emissions – the only by-product is water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eElectrical Energy (kWh)\u003c\/strong\u003e – For electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Charged from home grid or fast chargers (DC fast charging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch4\u003e📊 Engine Type Comparison\u003c\/h4\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHighest power output:\u003c\/strong\u003e V8\/V12 petrol, electric motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHighest torque:\u003c\/strong\u003e Diesel, electric motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLowest fuel costs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Electric, CNG, hybrid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLowest maintenance costs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Electric motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLongest range:\u003c\/strong\u003e Diesel engine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSmallest carbon footprint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Electric (on renewable energy), hydrogen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e📥 \u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e PDF e-book with illustrations and diagrams | Instantly available after purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Shop.Serbia.com","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47669615755418,"sku":null,"price":2000.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0739\/5665\/5258\/files\/image.png?v=1774345511","url":"https:\/\/shopserbiacom.com\/products\/elektronika-automobila-kompletni-strucni-vodic-srb-eng","provider":"Shop.Serbia.com","version":"1.0","type":"link"}